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Solar WAVE (e.m.) Nano-Antenna Project

Our Solar WAVE (e.m.) Nano-Antenna Project

We achieved the establishment. Further, detailing and seeking one investor ($150K) lasting 3–6 months for a project value of $2 million.

Key concepts:
Resonance and electron oscillation: When sunlight hits the antenna, its electric field causes the free electrons in the metal to oscillate at the same high frequency as the coming light. In metallic nanostructures, this phenomenon is called surface plasmon resonance.

Our developments:

The solar electricity by Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Semiconductor Panel has been marketed for many decades, but is not efficient. We can use some of these high-end technologies such as processed materials. We focus on the stages of collecting the sunlight (Waves) and creating the currents (the flow of electrons). The stages of collecting and storing forward are reused.

Achieving surface plasmon oscillation:

1) Use a plasmonic material: Select a material with free charge carriers, such as a metal, that has a negative real part of its permittivity in the desired frequency range.

2) Choose the right geometry: The oscillation can be either a localized surface plasmon (LSP) in a nanoparticle or a propagating surface plasmon Polariton (SPP) along a thin film. The specific resonance frequency is determined by the size and shape of the metal structure.

3) Ensure momentum matching: Light must be coupled to the plasmon mode to overcome the momentum mismatch between free-space photons and surface plasmons.

4) Tune the incident light: The frequency and angle of the incident light must match the resonant frequency of the plasmon for efficient excitation.

Collecting sunlight's waves by a nanoantenna:
A nanoantenna's ability to collect a specific frequency is based on its resonant properties. This is primarily achieved through two mechanisms:

+ Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR): In metallic nanoantenna, incident light excites the collective oscillation of free electrons on the metal's surface. When the frequency of the light matches the natural frequency of the electron oscillation, a strong resonance occurs, greatly enhancing the absorption and scattering of light at that specific frequency.

+ Geometric and Material Tuning: The resonant frequency of a nanoantenna is directly influenced by its size and geometry. Researchers can precisely tune the nanoantenna's resonant frequency by engineering its shape, size, and the dielectric materials used.

Recap:

The Sun is an unlimited, God-given, free hot pot. The current practice of Solar PV Semiconductor Panels is well established, but not efficient! The real challenge is how to make it better, or choose another route. The concept of the Optical Antenna was initially introduced in the 1970s and revisited in 2012 with the development of the Rectenna. However, both technologies are still considered relatively weak and remain uncompetitive compared to modern Photovoltaic (PV) Semiconductor Panels.

Very dependent on your research and scope—I now define mine and certainly learned from my past—I began in 2013. I achieved recognition twice, but not the same path as right now—BUT it's still Sun Wave Electromagnetics collected by a nano-antenna, not the mainstream Solar PV Panels!

***Our Solar WAVE (e.m.) Electricity Project Research was invited to present at major conferences in the United States: IEEE (2016) in Porland, Oregon and AIChE (2022) in Phoenix, Arizona.***

*Seeking one investor ($150K) lasting 3–6 months for a project value of $2 million.

Backgrounds of Our Solar WAVE Project

+ The Sun is an unlimited, God-given, free hot pot.

+ The current state of solar photovoltaic (PV) semiconductor panels is characterized by relatively low efficiency and high material and production costs.

+ Notably, Silicon Valley- the capital of electronics and communication technologies- dropped out of the race to become the next breakthrough "Solar Valley." This left behind a wealth of valuable research. In 2013, I (Winston Vo) jumped at the opportunity to pick up where it left off. I started by buying a lot of books and leasing an office in Green Hills (Nashville, Tennessee), even though I was working with a limited budget from my technician job.

+ A nano-antenna technology was already developed by 2010 through a collaboration between the Department of Energy (Contract DE-AC07-05ID14517) and the Idaho National Laboratory (D. K. Kotter & S. D. Novack). However, it was not utilized at the time, as researchers believed the electromagnetic energy from sunlight was too weak- based on longstanding assumptions dating back to Newton and even Einstein’s quantum physics.

+ The discovery and theory of the phenomenon "Surface Plasmon Resonance," which is a theme of my current business research SCOPE, was detailed in a research paper (also published in news) by a group of researchers at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor in 2011 (Professor Stephen Rand & PhD student William Fisher)

(Note: This phenomenon is that the electric field of sunlight causes the free electrons in the metal [the metallic nanostructures] to oscillate at the same high frequency as that of the incoming light.)

"Light has electric and magnetic components. Until now, scientists thought the effects of the magnetic field were so weak that they could be ignored. What Rand and his colleagues found is that at the right intensity, when light is traveling through a material that does not conduct electricity, the light field can generate magnetic effects that are 100 million times stronger than previously expected. Under these circumstances, the magnetic effects develop strength equivalent to a strong electric effect."

“In solar cells, the light goes into a material, gets absorbed and creates heat. Here, we expect to have a very low heat load. Instead of the light being absorbed, energy is stored in the magnetic moment {Winston Vo: resonance and electron oscillation}. Intense magnetization can be induced by intense light and then it is ultimately capable of providing a capacitive power source.”

Rand and Fisher found that under the right circumstances and in other types of materials, the light’s magnetic field can also create optical rectification.

“It turns out that the magnetic eld starts curving the electrons into a C-shape and they move forward a little each time,” Fisher said. “That C-shape of charge motion generates both an electric dipole and a magnetic dipole. If we can set up many of these in a row in a long fiber, we can make a huge voltage and by extracting that voltage, we can use it as a power source.”

"In the process, they overturned a century-old tenet of physics." (Stephen Rand & William Fisher)

Nano-Antenna Technologies & Fabrication/Structures Materials

+ The concept of the Optical Antenna was initially introduced in the 1970s and revisited in 2012 with the development of the Rectenna. However, both technologies are still considered relatively weak and remain uncompetitive compared to modern photovoltaic (PV) semiconductor panels.

+ The solar electricity by Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Semiconductor Panels has been marketed for many decades, but is not efficient. We can use some of these high-end technologies such as processed materials. We focus on the stages of collecting the sunlight (Waves) and creating the currents (the flow of electrons). The stages of collecting and storing forward are reused.

+ The fabrication/structures materials technologies are inherited from the current practice of Solar PV Panels, a well-established field. The dual wave-particle nature of sunlight has been recognized since Newton's time and was later reinforced by Einstein's quantum theory of light. We need now a SCOPE with a defined theory/technology, which has already been laid out in the previous section.

The existing body of knowledge offers valuable resources that can accelerate and refine our efforts in the Solar Wave Project Research Business.

Outsources, Investors, & Ventures

+ Research into the wave-particle characteristics of sunlight and nano-antennas was conducted long ago, but the resulting electromagnetic output was considered weak. Yet I recognized its potential as my fortune- back in 2013. Even now, I remain alone in this pursuit.

Since losing my engineering position with Honeywell's Control Systems Consulting in Houston, Texas, I’ve held many jobs, but only in technician roles. That’s been a frustrating limitation for someone with my background: I graduated cum laude from Vanderbilt University in May 1998 with a double major in Chemical Engineering and Applied Mathematics. I was also among the first 28 newly graduated chemical engineers selected for a six-month training program by Honeywell Inc., preparing for the Y2K Millennium transition.

+ Seeking investors to fund the selection of valuable insights from books and articles, with the option to outsource further research to graduate students and faculty at select universities.

+ Will not build a large internal team.

Monitoring the current progress of this type of project with other major research groups

+ The nano-antenna and electromagnetics (E.M.) returned to the stage in 2010, but faded out again shortly afterward. I am alone, but I enjoy these enriched resources and also find the ongoing technology useful.

+ Caltech [California Institute of Technology] is actively participating in the space race for solar electricity, leveraging photovoltaic semiconductor panel technology in line with current market trends and research. At the same time, it continues to pursue traditional research in materials science, fabrication techniques, and nanotechnology.

Website: https://www.spacesolar.caltech.edu

+ Electricity is beamed back to Earth's surface using high voltage (as planned by NASA), but this could potentially destroy or make a large area uninhabitable. In the future, with advances in technology, we might even be able to "zip" or compress electricity- similar to how we compress large files for storage on computers. This is just my assumption.

+ Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems (ISE) and University of Freiburg, Germany that I was formerly affiliated with:

- The Training & Research Center for Photovoltaic Technologies, focusing on materials, fabrication, nanotechnology, energy storage, production, and system integration.

- The leading organizer of solar energy conferences in Europe and the United States, and a key provider of industry exhibitions.

Website: https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en.html

Our Research Team

- Seeking investors to fund the selection of valuable insights from books and articles, with the option to outsource further research to graduate students and faculty at select universities.

- Will not build a large internal team.

WInston Vo

Founder & Engineer

- BE in Chemical Engineering & Applied Mathematics (cum laude, Vanderbilt U, 1998)

Formerly, engineer at Honeywell Inc. – Control Systems Consulting Business & on-site with Phillips 66 Petroleum Refinery at Borger plant, Texas (1999)

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